Gambaran Gejala Depresi pada Penderita Parkinson Disease di RSI Ibnu Sina Padang

Abstract

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Parkinson merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif kronik progresif yang ditandai dengan hilangnya sel saraf (neuron) dopaminergik pada bagian substansia nigra. Pada Penyakit Parkinson dapat ditemukan gejala non motorik seperti gejala psikiatri terutama depresi. Depresi pada penderita parkinson memiliki dampak yang sangat besar pada kualitas hidup karena mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas hidup.

Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita Penyakit Parkinson, distribusi terjadinya depresi pada parkinson, dan tingkatan depresi yang dialami pada penderita parkinson di RSI Ibnu Sina Padang.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif metode Cross Sectional dengan kuesioner Beck Depression Inventory. Pengambilan data penelitian berupa data primer dari semua penderita Parkinson yang berobat jalan pada bulan Maret 2023 hingga Mei 2023 di Poli Saraf RSI Ibnu Sina yang memenuhi kriteria dengan jumlah sampel 29 orang.

Hasil: Hasil analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian penderita Penyakit Parkinson lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok umur lansia dengan jenis kelamin perempuan dan paling banyak sudah tidak bekerja. Sebagian besar masih berstatus kawin dengan lama menderita sakit parkinson mayoritas selama ≥ 5 tahun dan terbanyak didapatkan pada stadium 3 Penyakit Parkinson.

Kasimpulan: Mayoritas sebanyak 65,5% mengalami depresi dan paling banyak pada tingkat depresi sedang.

Kata kunci:  penyakit parkinson; depresi.

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's Disease is a progressive chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In Parkinson's Disease, non-motor symptoms such as psychiatric symptoms, especially depression, can be found. Depression in people with Parkinson's has a very large impact on quality of life because it results in a decrease in quality of life.

Objective: This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with Parkinson's Disease, the distribution of depression in Parkinson's, and the level of depression experienced in patients with Parkinson's at RSI Ibnu Sina Padang.

Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach with a cross sectional method using the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire. Retrieval of research data in the form of primary data from all Parkinson's patients who were on outpatient treatment from March 2023 to May 2023 at the Ibnu Sina Hospital who met the criteria with a sample size of 29 people.

Result: The results of this study found that people with Parkinson's Disease were mostly elderly age group, female, and most were not working. Most were still married, had suffered from Parkinson's disease for 5 years and more, and most found in stage 3 Parkinson's Disease.

Conclusion: The majority as much as 65.5% experienced depression and most were at moderate levels of depression)

Keywords: parkinson's disease; depression