Profil Pasien Katarak Kongenital di Poli Mata RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode 2020-2022

Abstract

One of the leading causes of blindness in newborns and children is congenital cataracts. Congenital cataract is an eye disorder in the form of clouding of the lens that appears at birth or early in the postnatal period. This study aims to determine the profile of congenital cataract patients at the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital.

This study is a descriptive study with a retrospective approach. Medical record data were obtained from patients diagnosed with congenital cataracts in the period 2020-2022 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Twenty-nine samples met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all variables were analyzed univariately.

The results showed the most characteristics of the age group 12-59 months (37.9%), and most were under 2 years old (53.8%). Most of the congenital cataract patients were male (62.1%). The laterality of congenital cataracts was mostly bilateral (72.4%). Intrauterine infection was the most common cause (44.8%), but most were unrecognized/idiopathic (48.3%). Most of the congenital cataract patients underwent an Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) procedure without Intraocular Lens (IOL) insertion (61.5%); IOL insertion was performed at the age of over 2 years.

The conclusion of this study shows that the characteristics of congenital cataract patients at the Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang, for the period 2020-2022, often occur at the age of 12-59 months, male and bilateral. Idiopathic factors are the main cause of congenital cataracts. Most patients were treated with ECCE without IOL insertion because most patients were under 2 years old.

Keywords : congenital cataract, cataract surgery, IOL, age of surgery