Profil Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Ulkus Kaki Diabetik di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2020-2021

Abstract

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Ulkus kaki diabetik menjadi permasalahan di Indonesia karena sedikitnya tenaga kesehatan yang menggeluti ulkus kaki diabetik, sedikit pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai ulkus kaki diabetik, dan biaya penatalaksanaan yang besar.

Objektif: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan ulkus kaki diabetik di RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien dengan diagnosis ulkus kaki diabetik yang berobat di RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang periode 2020-2021. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 93 sampel. Data menggunakan jenis univariat dan penyajian data dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pasien ulkus kaki diabetik paling banyak  berada pada usia >55-65 tahun (41,9%), jenis kelamin perempuan (52,7%), tidak bekerja/ IRT (44,1%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SLTA (55,9%). Derajat ulkus 5 (37,6%), lama rawatan 6-10 hari (40,9%), tekanan darah normal (43,1%). Hasil laboratorium menunjukkan keadaan anemia sedang (47,3%), hipoalbuminemia (96,8%), hiperglikemia (54,8%). Tatalaksana dengan pemberian kombinasi dua antibiotik (59,1%), terapi bedah debridemen (30,2%), kondisi pasien membaik saat dipulangkan (63,4%).

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu sebagian besar pasien ulkus kaki diabetik adalah perempuan lansia akhir dengan kondisi anemia, hipoalbuminemia, hiperglikemia. Tatalaksana yang umum diberikan adalah pemberian kombinasi dua antibiotik dan debridemen dengan luaran pasien membaik.

Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus tipe 2, pasien ulkus kaki diabetik, profil

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are a problem in Indonesia because of the lack healthcare professional on diabetic foot ulcers, little public knowledge about diabetic foot ulcers, and high management costs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of type 2 DM patients with diabetic foot ulcers at RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang.

Methods: This study was an observational descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers at RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang for the 2020-2021 period. The total sampling technique was used to collect a total of 93 samples. The collecting data was analyze by univariat and presented with frequency distribution tables.

Results: The results of this study were the most diabetic foot ulcer patients were in the age group >55-65 years (41.9%), female (52.7%), unemployed/housewife (44.1%), and high school education (55.9%). The most ulcer grade 5 (37.6%), treatment duration was 6-10 days (40.9%) and normal blood pressure (43.1%). Laboratory results showed the conditions of moderate anemia (47.3%), hypoalbuminemia (96.8%), and hyperglycemia (54.8%). Management given was a two combination of antibiotics (59.1%), debridementt therapy (30.2%), the patient's condition improved when being discharged (63.4%).

Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of patients with diabetic foot ulcers were elderly women with anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglycemia. The most common management given was a combination of two antibiotics and debridementt, which resulted in improved patient outcomes. Patients who are at high risk are expected to be more aware of the appearance of symptoms and clinicians are expected to be able to manage patients comprehensively.

Keyword : Diabetic foot ulcer patient, profile, type 2 diabetes mellitus